The universal electric motor is a dual-purpose motor that operates on both AC and DC, with its armature and excitation windings connected in series, hence the name series motor. Universal motors consists mainly of a stator, rotor, commutator, and brushes. The stator generates a magnetic field in which the rotor rotates, while the commutator and brushes facilitate current commutation, ensuring continuous rotor rotation. The advantages of universal electric motors include a simple and compact structure, high starting torque, a wide speed regulation range, and low cost.